Do you know what is lyme disease definition? Lyme disease is a multisystem disease that usually caused by infection with the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi and the response of the body to the infection. Lyme disease is transmitted by the bite of an infected black-legged tick, commonly known as a deer tick.
Lyme disease is caused by 4 main species of bacteria: Borrelia afzelii, Borrelia burgdorferi, Borrelia garinii, and Borrelia mayonii bacteria. Borellia afzelii, and Borrelia garinii cause Lyme disease in Asia and Europe, while Borrelia burgdorferi and Borrelia mayonii are the leading cause of lyme disease in the US.
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In the United States, lyme disease is one of the most common vector-borne disease. In 2014, US Centers for Disease for Disease Control and Prevention received about 30,000 cases of Lyme disease. So it was the fifth most common nationally notifiable disease. Beside that lyme disease has also become endemic in parts of North America, as well as in Europe and Asia.
The physician must direct the clinical history of the patient toward the possibility of a tick bite because only 25-30% of United States patients with early lyme disease know and recall the tick bite. The epidemiology is really important. The probability of a tick bite is highest in persons who often work outdoors (especially in brushy, grassy, and wooded areas where ticks carrying the disease thrive) in a geographically endemic area.
The first sign of Lyme disease is a red, expanding rash, circular, usually radiating from the tick bite. It can be followed by flu-like symptoms and joint pains. After the B. burgdorferi bacteria has got into the bloodstream, it will infect and inflame many different types of cells and tissues, finally causing many various symptoms. Lyme disease is medically divided into three phases, that is early localized disease with skin inflammation, an early disseminated disease with involvement of the heart and nervous system, including palsies and meningitis, and late or chronic disease, featuring damage of sensory and motor nerve and brain inflammation, or arthritis.
Early Localized Lyme Disease
Early localized lyme disease show erythema migraines (Lyme disease’s specific skin rash) and an undifferentiated febrile illness. It happens between 1 and 30 days after the tick bite.
Early Disseminated Lyme Disease
Early disseminated lyme disease occurs 3-10 weeks after inoculation. The common symptoms are musculoskeletal and neurologic sign. Less common signs from cardiac disturbances, and ocular manifestation (usually conjunctivitis).
Late or Chronic Lyme Disease
Late or chronic lyme disease manifestations occur between months and years after the first infection. But, sometimes it happens after a period of latency. Primarily neurologic and rheumatologic is signs and symtoms of chronic lyme disease. Read more: Late or chronic lyme disease definition.
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