epidemiology and etiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus - type 2 diabetes mellitus is the predominant kind of diabetes mellitus and counting for at least 90% of all cases of diabetes (Gonzalez et al., 2009). Increasing in prevalence is predicted to be much greater in developing than in developed countries (69% versus 20%) (Shaw et al., 2010). People aged 40 to 60 years (working age) are affected most in the developing countries, opposed to those older than 60 years old in developed countries (Shaw et al., 2010).
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| epidemiology and etiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus |
This increase in type 2 diabetes mellitus is close linked to changes towards a Western everyday lifestyle (little physical activity but high diet) in expanding countries and the rise in the prevalence rate of obesity and overweight (Chan et al., 2009; Colagiuri, 2010). There are approximately 1.4 million people with diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus in the United Kingdom (Bennett et al., 1995). The incidence point of diabetes increases with age, with most cases being diagnosed after the age of 40 years. It equates to a lifetime risk of developing diabetes of 1 in 10 (Neil et al., 1987).
Type 2 diabetes is a various disorder induced by a combination of some genetic factors that related to impaired insulin productions, insulin resistance and environmental factors such as overweight and obesity, high diet, lack of physical activity, and stress as well as aging (Kaku, 2010). It is characteristically a multi-factorial illness involving multiple genes and environmental factors to varying extents (Holt, 2004).
Type 2 diabetes is the common form of idiopathic diabetes and is signified by an inadequacy of the need for insulin to prevent ketoacidosis condition. It is not an autoimmune disorder, and the susceptible genes that predispose to NIDDM have not been found in most patients. This could be due to the heterogeneity of the genes responsible for the susceptibility to NIDDM.
source:
The pathogenesis and pathophysiology of type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus by Ozougwu, J. C., Obimba, K. C., Belonwu, C. D., and Unakalamba, C. B.
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