type 2 diabetes mellitus overview - Type 2 diabetes mellitus consists of a composition of dysfunctions characterized by hyperglycemia and resulting from the combination of resistance to insulin action, insufficient insulin secretion, and excessive or inadequate glucagon secretion.
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| type 2 diabetes mellitus |
Poorly controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus is associated with various of neuropathic, microvascular, and macrovascular complications.
Microvascular effects of diabetes mellitus include renal, retinal, and possibly neuropathic disease. Meanwhile, macrovascular complications include coronary artery and peripheral vascular disease. Diabetic neuropathy affects autonomic and peripheral nerves.
Unlike people with type 1 diabetes mellitus, individual with type 2 diabetes are not absolutely or entirely dependent on insulin hormone for life. This difference was the basis for the older terms for types 1 and 2 diabetes, insulin dependent and non–insulin dependent diabetes mellitus.
However, many people with type 2 diabetes mellitus are finally treated with exogenous insulin. Because they keep the ability to produce some endogenous insulin, they are considered to need insulin but not to depend on insulin. Nevertheless, given the potential for flurry due to classification based on therapy rather than etiology, the older terms have been abandoned. Another older term for type 2 diabetes was adult-onset diabetes mellitus. Nowadays, because of the epidemic of fatness, obesity and less activity in children, type 2 diabetes mellitus is developing at younger and younger ages. Although type 2 diabetes mellitus characteristically affects patients older than 40 years, it has been identified in children as young as two years old who have a family history of diabetes mellitus. In many societies, type 2 diabetes now outnumbers type 1 diabetes among children with newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus.
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic illness that needs long-term medical interest to restrict the development of its devastating complications and to care them when they do happen. It is a disproportionately expensive disease; in the US in 2007, the actual medical costs of diabetes mellitus were $116 billion, and the total costs were $174 billion; an individual with diabetes mellitus had average medical expense 2.3 times those of the unaffected population. The emergency department utilization rate by people with diabetes mellitus is twice that of the person without diabetes.
Follow the thread of this article. It focuses on the diagnosis and medication of type 2 diabetes and its acute, chronic, or critical complications, other than those directly associated with hypoglycemia and advanced metabolic confusion, such as hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS) and diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA).
More information about diabetes, click Diabetes Mellitus!
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